Shingle



June 7, 1932. H. ABRAHAM 1,862,500

SHINGLE Filed June 1, 193i 2. Sheets-Sheet l I N VEN TOR. 9mm Mmfiam 4 m A TTORNEYv Patented June 7, 1932.

UNITED STATES HERBERT ABRAHAM, OF YORK, N. Y., ASSIlIGNOR TO THE RUBEROID CO., OF NEW.

PATENT OFFICE YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY SHINGLE Application filed June 1, 1931. Serial No. 541,246.

This invention relates to shingles for covering the roofs and/or sides of buildings, and particularly to shingles made of asbestos-cement or the like.

The shingles are intended to be applied according to the Dutch-lap method in overlapping horizontal courses with one side and the upper edge of each shingle lapped and with the vertical joints of the several courses broken.

An object of the invention is to provide shingles that can be laid with a side lap of different Widths so that the vertical joints may be broken at different parts of the covering formed by the shingles.

Another object is to provide reversible shingles that may be laid with their sides lapping either from left to right or from right to left and with a side lap of different widths in either direction.

A further object is to provide reversible shingles adapted to be laid with laps of two different widths and preperforated for the reception of fastening nails, the shingles being so arranged that when laid with laps of either width, the overlapping shingles will be supported in the immediate vicinity of their nailing perforations by portions of the overlapped shingles, thus permitting of driving the fastening nails home without danger of breaking or fracturing the shingles.

A still further object is to provide the shingles with means for indicating the proper extent of head lap with which they are'to be laid.

The invention permits of applying the shingles from right to left or vice versa, and of forming a covering of two different appearances in either direction. One of the advantages of the invention is that it provides a preperforated reversible shingle in which all of the perforations are used in laying the shingle, thereby avoiding the confusion and difiicultles which arises with the type of preperforated reversible shingle wherein only certain of the perforations are used in laying the shingle in either direcart from the following description thereof, it being understood that modifications may be made therein, other than those described, within the scope of the invention.

The accompanying drawings illustrate a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which Figure 1 is a plan View of the shingle,

,Fig. 2 is a plan view of four shingles assembled in overlapped relation with a side 1 indicates a shingle of rectangular form, v

preferably made of asbestos-cement, having perforations 2 and 2' adjacent two diagonally opposite corners, a perforation 3 in one lower corner, and an opening 4 in one upper corner. The perforations 2 and 2 are intended for the reception of nails for fastening the shingle to the roof or foundation, two nails being driven through each shingle and the perforations being so located that both the nails will be covered by overlapping portions of other shingles. The perforation 3 is intended for the reception of an anchor or clincher for securing the exposed corner of the shingle to an underlying shingle. Theopening 4 provides a gauge for laying the shingle with a side lap of two different widths, as hereinafter described;

- The shingle may be laid either with the opening 4 in the upper left hand corner, in which case the shingles of each horizontal course will be side lapped in one direction as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, or the shingle may be turned 90 and laid with the opening 4 in the upper right hand corner, in which case the shingles will be side lapped in the opposite direction as in Fig. 4.

In the embodiment illustrated in Fig. 1, the lap-gauge opening 4 is in the form of a square having vertical and horizontal diago niils. The length of these diagonals determines the extent of variation. of width of the side lap in either position of the shingle. In appl ing the shingles from right to left, the per bration 2 of an overlapping shingle is brought in to registration with one or the otherof the horizontal corners 5 or 6 of the aperture 4 of an underlying shingle depending on the width of lap desired. -For example, where it is desired tolay the shin le with the lap shown in Figure 2, the per 0- ration 2 of the overlapping shingle is brought intomegistration with the corner 5. of the lap-gauge 4 of the underlying shingle by inserting a nail through the perforation 2 and lap-gauge 4 and then bringing the nail shank against the corner. 5, whereupon the shingles are fastened by driving the nail home. If a wider lap is desired, the perforation 2 is registered with the opposite corner 6 of the lap-gauge, as in Fig. 3, and-the are then nailed. Similarly, when shinglles I the s 'ngles are applied from left to right,

the perforation 2' of the overlapping shingle is registered with either the corner 5 or 6' 0f the lap-gauge of the underlying shingle. This is indicated in Fig. 4% where two shingles, applied from left to right, are shown as laid with a wide side lap.

The form of the lapga-uge is subject to various "modifications. One modification is shown in Fig. 5 where the lap-gauge is in the form of a cross, the opposite ends 5 and 6, or 5' and'6, being used to determine the desired width of lap when the shingles are applied in either direction. Another modi-. fication is shown in Fig. 6 in which the lapgauge is in the form of a triangle. With a gauge of this form, the corners or angles 5 and 6 are used to indicate the two different widths of lap when the shingles are laid in one direction, while the corners 5' and 6 are used when the shingles are laid in the opposite direction. Fig. 7 shows a lap-gauge in the form of a circle whose diameter is such as to define the limits of variation in width of the lap when the shingles are laid in either direction. In the form shown in Fig. 8 the lap-gauge 4 instead of consisting of a single aperture comprises three correlated openings 5, 5, and 6. With this form of gauge, when the shingles are applied from right to left,

, the openings 5 and 6 are used to indicate the two different widths of lap, while when the shingles are applied from in the opposite di rection, the openings 5" and 6 are used for 7 that purpose.

If desired, the shingle may be notched in two adjacent edges, as at 77' to indicate the proper extent of head lap'with which the shingle is to be laid. Referring to Fig. 2,

it' will .be seen that shingles of the upper course are laid with their lower edges registeringwith the notches 7 of the shingles of the lower course, thus determining the length of the headlap. When the shingles are laid in reversed position, the notches?" ,serve to indicate the extent of head lap. It will be further noted that the perforation 2 is so located that the shank of a nail driven through said perforation will just clear the It will be seen from the foregoing description that the shingles may be applied from right to left or from left to right, as desired, and to have a side lap of different widths in either direction of application. This variable side lap permits of forming a covering in which the vertical joints maybe broken at different parts. For example,with shingles of the particular proportions of those herein illustrated, when laid with the shorter 'lap the shingles will break joint in thirds,

and when laid with the longer lap they will break joint in halves, in each case forming a covering of different appearance.

1. A shingle adapted to be laid with a side lap of different widths, said shingle being substantially rectangular in form, and having a gauge in one upper corner for indicating the different widths of laps with which the shingle may be laid and a perforation in the opposite upper corner for the reception of a. fastening nail, the particular width of lap with which the shingle is to be laid being determined by bringing the nailing perforation of an overlapping shingle into position with that part of the lap-gauge of an overlapped shingle that indicates a lap of the desired Width, said shingle being so arranged that the overlapping shingle is supported in the immediate vicinity of its nailing perfora- 4 tion by a portion of the overlapped shingle.

2. A shingle adapted to be laid with a side la of different widths, said shingle being su stantially rectangular in form, and having an aperture in one upper corner providing a gauge for indicating the different widths ,of'laps with which the shingle may be laid and a perforation in the opposite upper corner for the reception of a fastening tion in either of two directions with laps of different widths, said shingle having a gauge in one of its upper corners for indicating differencesin width of the side lap, and having I a perforation in the other upper corner and a second perforation in the diagonally opposite lower corner, both of said perforations being adapted to receive fasteningnails and being symmetrically disposed in relation to the lapgauge, the width of the side lap being determined by registering the upper nailing perforation of an overlapping shingle with a particular portion of 'the lap-gauge of an overlapped shingle. v

4. A reversible shingle of rectangular form adapted to be laid in overlapped relation in either of two directions with a side lap of different widths and a fixed head lap, said shingle having an aperture in. one of its upper corners providing a gauge for indicating differences in width of the side lap, and having a perforation in the other upper corner and a second perforation in the diagonally opposite lower corner, both of said perforations being adapted to receive nails andbeing symmetrically disposed in relation to the lap-gauge aperture, and notches in two adjacent sides of the shingle, the upper one of saidnotches serving to define the'extent of the head lap,

the width of the side lap being determined by registering the upper perforation of an over lapping shingle with a particular portion of the lap-gauge aperture of an overlapped shingle. r

' 5. Acovering comprising shingles of sub: stantially rectangular form laid in overlapping, horizontal courses with both a side lap and a head lap and with only one lower cor-' ner of each shingle exposed, each shingle having two perforations for the reception of nails, one ofsaid perforations being disposed in'one'upper corner and the other being disposed in the diagonally opposite lower cor ner, alap-gauge. in the opposite upper corner for indicating the extent. of the side lap, the upper perforation of each side-lapping shingle of a course being registered witha particular part'of the lap-gauge of'the adjacent side-lapped shingle of the same course, said shingles being fastened by. nails driven through both perforations, the lower exposed corner of each shingle having a perforation for the reception of-a storm anchorfor securing it to an underlying shingle.

Signed at New York city, in the county of New York and State of New York, this 26th day of May, A. ,D. 1931.

HERBERT 

